[转载]SQL Plus Command Line(页 1) - 常用数据库类{ Database Security } - 邪恶八进制信息安全团队技术讨论组努力为祖国的信息安全撑起一片蓝天

pub!1c 2006-2-11 13:56

[转载]SQL Plus Command Line

信息来源:邪恶八进制信息安全团队
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<DIV>SQL Plus 命令列表： 假设当前执行命令为：select * from tab; (a)ppend　　　　添加文本到缓冲区当前行尾　　　　a order by tname　结果：select * from tab order by tname; 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（注：a后面跟2个空格） (c)hange/old/new 在当前行用新的文本替换旧的文本　c/*/tname　　　　　结果：select tname from tab; (c)hange/text　　从当前行删除文本　　　　　　　　c/tab　　　　　　　结果：select tname from ; del　　　　　　　删除当前行 del n　　　　　　删除第n行 (i)nput 文本　　在当前行之后添加一行 (l)ist　　　　　显示缓冲区中所有行 (l)ist n　　　　显示缓冲区中第 n 行 (l)ist m n　　　显示缓冲区中 m 到 n 行 run　　　　　　　执行当前缓冲区的命令 /　　　　　　　　执行当前缓冲区的命令 r　　　　　　　　执行当前缓冲区的命令 @文件名　　　　　运行调入内存的sql文件，如： SQL>; edit s<回车>; 如果当前目录下不存在s.sql文件，则系统自动生成s.sql文件， 在其中输入“select * from tab;”，存盘退出。 SQL>; @s<回车>; 系统会自动查询当前用户下的所有表、视图、同义词。 @@文件名　　　　在.sql文件中调用令一个.sql文件时使用 save 文件名　　　将缓冲区的命令以文件方式存盘，缺省文件扩展名为.sql get 文件名　　　调入存盘的sql文件 start 文件名　　运行调入内存的sql文件 spool 文件名　　把这之后的各种操作及执行结果“假脱机”即存盘到磁盘文件上，默认文件扩展名为.lst spool　　　　　　显示当前的“假脱机”状态 spool off　　　　停止输出 例： SQL>; spool a SQL>; spool 正假脱机到 A.LST SQL>; spool off SQL>; spool 当前无假脱机 exit　　　　　　退出SQL*PLUS desc 表名　　　　显示表的结构 show user　　　　显示当前连接用户 show error　　　显示错误 show all　　　　显示所有68个系统变量值 edit　　　　　　打开默认编辑器，Windows系统中默认是notepad.exe，把缓冲区中最后一条SQL语句调入afiedt.buf文件中进行编辑 edit 文件名　　　把当前目录中指定的.sql文件调入编辑器进行编辑 clear screen　　清空当前屏幕显示 </DIV>
<DIV>转自:[url]WWW.LOVEUNIX.COM[/url] MADE BY SDAWNYJ 1、查看表空间的名称及大小 select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name group by t.tablespace_name; 2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小 select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name, round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space from dba_data_files order by tablespace_name; 3、查看回滚段名称及大小 select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status, (initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent, max_extents, v.curext CurExtent From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+) order by segment_name ; 4、查看控制文件 select name from v$controlfile; 5、查看日志文件 select member from v$logfile; 6、查看表空间的使用情况 select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name; SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE, (B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE" FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME; 7、查看数据库库对象 select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status; 8、查看数据库的版本　 Select version FROM Product_component_version Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle'; 9、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式 Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database; 10、捕捉运行很久的SQL column username format a12 column opname format a16 column progress format a8 select username,sid,opname, round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) || '%' as progress, time_remaining,sql_text from v$session_longops , v$sql where time_remaining <>; 0 and sql_address = address and sql_hash_value = hash_value / 11。查看数据表的参数信息 SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name, pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent, next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS, freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks, empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size, last_analyzed FROM dba_tab_partitions --WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner ORDER BY partition_position 12.查看还没提交的事务 select * from v$locked_object; select * from v$transaction; 13。查找object为哪些进程所用 select p.spid, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num, s.username user_name, a.type object_type, s.osuser os_user_name, a.owner, a.object object_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process, s.terminal terminal, s.program program, s.status session_status from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p where s.paddr = p.addr and s.type = 'USER' and a.sid = s.sid and a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR' order by s.username, s.osuser 14。回滚段查看 select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs, v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes, sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs, v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum 15。耗资源的进程（top session） select s.schemaname schema_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, status session_status, s.osuser os_user_name, s.sid, p.spid , s.serial# serial_num, nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name, s.terminal terminal, s.program program, st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st, v$session s , v$process p where st.sid = s.sid and st.statistic# = to_number('38') and ('ALL' = 'ALL' or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc 16。查看锁（lock）情况 select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name, ls.username user_name, decode(ls.type, 'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock', 'TX', 'Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') lock_type, o.object_name object, decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, 'Row Share', 3, 'Row Exclusive', 4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive', null) lock_mode, o.owner, ls.sid, ls.serial# serial_num, ls.id1, ls.id2 from sys.dba_objects o, ( select s.osuser, s.username, l.type, l.lmode, s.sid, s.serial#, l.id1, l.id2 from v$session s, v$lock l where s.sid = l.sid ) ls where o.object_id = ls.id1 and o.owner <>; 'SYS' order by o.owner, o.object_name 17。查看等待（wait）情况 SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets', 'consistent gets') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count 18。查看sga情况 SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC 19。查看catched object SELECT owner, name, db_link, namespace, type, sharable_mem, loads, executions, locks, pins, kept FROM v$db_object_cache 20。查看V$SQLAREA SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS, VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS, USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS, BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA 21。查看object分类数量 select decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) object_type , count(*) quantity from sys.obj$ o where o.type# >; 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) union select 'COLUMN' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select 'DB LINK' , count(*) from 22。按用户查看object种类 select u.name schema, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes, sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables, sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL)) clusters, sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views, sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1, NULL)) synonyms, sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1)) others from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u where o.type# >;= 1 and u.user# = o.owner# and u.name <>; 'PUBLIC' group by u.name order by sys.link$ union select 'CONSTRAINT' , count(*) from sys.con$ 23。有关connection的相关信息 1）查看有哪些用户连接 select s.osuser os_user_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process, status session_status, s.terminal terminal, s.program program, s.username user_name, s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter, '' query, 0 memory, 0 max_memory, 0 cpu_usage, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num from v$session s, v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and s.type = 'USER' order by s.username, s.osuser 2）根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况 select n.name, v.value, n.class, n.statistic# from v$statname n, v$sesstat v where v.sid = 71 and v.statistic# = n.statistic# order by n.class, n.statistic# 3）根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sql select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */ command_type, sql_text, sharable_mem, persistent_mem, runtime_mem, sorts, version_count, loaded_versions, open_versions, users_opening, executions, users_executing, loads, first_load_time, invalidations, parse_calls, disk_reads, buffer_gets, rows_processed, sysdate start_time, sysdate finish_time, '>;' || address sql_address, 'N' status from v$sqlarea where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71) 24．查询表空间使用情况select a.tablespace_name "表空间名称", 100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "占用率(%)", round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "容量(M)", round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "空闲(M)", round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "使用(M)", Largest "最大扩展段(M)", to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "采样时间" from (select f.tablespace_name, sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc, sum(decode(f.autoextensible,'YES',f.maxbytes,'NO',f.bytes)) maxbytes from dba_data_files f group by tablespace_name) a, (select f.tablespace_name, sum(f.bytes) bytes_free from dba_free_space f group by tablespace_name) b, (select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest, ts.name tablespace_name from sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts# group by ts.name, tf.blocks) c where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name 25. 查询表空间的碎片程度 select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name having count(tablespace_name)>;10; alter tablespace name coalesce; alter table name deallocate unused; create or replace view ts_blocks_v as select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space union all select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents; select * from ts_blocks_v; select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name; 26.查看有哪些实例在运行： select * from v$active_instances; </DIV></DIV>

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[转载]SQL Plus Command Line