[转载]debian安装步骤
信息来源:网络我的debian安装步骤:
1.ready:
所需文件:linux+initrd.gz(download the files from [url]http://people.debian.org/~joeyh/d-[/url]
i...aller/i386/2.6/)+grub+dos启动盘(自己制作)
放置位置:linux+initrd.gz+grub020p(文件夹即:grub for dos)+grub(可执行程序,从grub020p中提取)
复制到c:\下.
2.重启系统,设置bios从软驱(floppy)启动,并把dos启动盘放入软驱.
3.系统从dos启动盘启动后进入dos界面,然后执行下面命令:
A:\C:
C:\grub
......
grub>kernel (hd0,0)/linux root=/dev/ram ramdisk_size=20000 devfs=mount,dall vga=788
grub>initrd (hd0,0)/initrd.gz
grub>boot
其中前面为系统提示符(A: or C: or grub>)
4.然后通过下载下来的linux debian内核启动安装提示,第一步选择 简体中文 后下面默认,然后会出现通
过DHCP配置网络,失败后选择 手工配置网络 ,输入:
IP地址: 211.64.151.45
子网掩码: 255.255.255.224
默认网关: 211.64.151.62
首选DNS: 211.64.144.130
备用DNS: 211.64.150.66(此项一般没有)
接着系统主机名:zhyfly
域名:ouc.edu.cn
5.下面是配置apt源,选择默认中国,mirrors.geekbone.org(教育网网速早上快,中午下午晚上很慢),然后
就是下载安装组件.
6.安装组件下完后进入安装分区设置,手工编辑分区表,选择要安装的硬盘位置
hda3
格式化
default(记不清这项是什么了)
挂载点:\根文件系统
启动标志:开
大小:
hda4
swap分区
启动标志:关
保存,写入分区表,硬盘准备,进入最后安装界面!此时网速快安装就快,否则会花很长时间.
7.安装最后出现是否把grub写入mbr,选择 是.
发现windows xp professional,是否写入grub,选择 是.
8.安装完成,出现提示问是否重启,选择 继续 重启系统.
9.重启后进入base-config配置.
设置root密码 确认
设置用户 zhyfly
用户密码 确认
选择安装软件,退出不选择
显示器 30-70 50-160
设置/etc/apt/sources.list:
#deb [url]http://mirrors.geekbone.org/debian/[/url] sarge main
deb [url]http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/debian[/url] sid main non-free contrib
deb [url]http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/debian-non-US[/url] sid/non-US main non-free contrib
deb [url]http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/debian[/url] ../project/experimental main non-free contrib
deb [url]http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/debian-uo[/url] sid misc marillat rareware ustc java jrfonseca firefly
deb [url]http://security.debian.org/[/url] stable/updates main contrib non-free
deb [url]http://debian.okey.net/debian-uo/[/url] sid firefly java marillat rareware misc
deb [url]http://debian.okey.net/debian-fonts/[/url] ./
deb [url]ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat/[/url] unstable main
deb [url]http://mirrors.geekbone.org/debian/[/url] sid main non-free contrib
测试apt源,完成后,进入登陆界面.
10.用root登陆,首先删除不需要软件:
apt-get remove netatalk #去掉appletalk的东西,这个东西会让系统启动很慢的;
apt-get remove exim4 #去掉这个MTA,这个东西同样会让系统启动很慢的
(1)
去掉多余服务
#apt-get -y install rcconf
#rcconf
我只保留 alsa aumix dbus-1 makedev
(2)
使用硬盘 hdparm
#apt-get -y install hdparm
#/sbin/hdparm -c3 -u1 -d1 /dev/hda
#/sbin/hdparm -k1 /dev/hda
hdparm 加上个参数。
#/sbin/hdparm -c3 -u1 -d1 -X6x /dev/hda
X参数是打开硬盘DMA模式,现在的硬盘和主板都能支持这个了。
具体的参数是 ATA66=68 , ATA100=69 , ATA33=66 。
Suggest to add the -a option, e.g. -a1024, this increase the read ahead buffer and enhance
the overall performance.
#/sbin/hdparm -c3 -u1 -d1 -X69 -a1024 /dev/hda
Do a benchmark with /sbin/hdparm -tT /dev/hda to learn the differences.
(3)
使用预链接加速程序启动速度
#apt-get -y install prelink
#/usr/sbin/prelink -all --conserve-memory
11.测试apt源:
apt-get update
安装必需软件:
apt-get install zhcon
zhcon
apt-get install vim x-window-system-core gnome-core gdm mozilla fcitx sudo
接着执行命令: visudo
在最后一行写入: zhyfly ALL=NOPASSWD:ALL
再用 vim 打开 ~/.bashrc ,在最后写入:
alias reboot="sudo reboot"
alias halt="sudo halt"
alias vim="sudo vim"
alias apt-get="sudo apt-get"
12.配置完这些后首先重启系统,进入图形化界面,gdm登陆,language选择English,用zhyfly登陆.
登陆后打开console,在 /etc/X11/Xsession.d/25fcitx-start 里写入
export G_FILENAME_ENCODING=@GBK
#export LANG=zh_CN.GB2312
#export LANG=zh_CN.GBK
#if you use the en_US environment, you can type: export LANG=en_US
export LANG=en_US
export XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx
fcitx
然后执行:
apt-get install localeconf
这个过程中会出现提示是否用 debconf 配置 locale ,选择 是 ,覆盖原文件,下面选择
select en_US ISO-8859-1 for environment
select zh_CN.GBK.GBK for LC_CTYPE
在 /mnt 下建立文件夹:
mkdir c d e f floppy usb cdrom
用 vim 打开 /etc/fstab 写入:
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
#
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/hda3 / reiserfs notail 0 1
/dev/hda4 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/hdd /media/cdrom0 iso9660 ro,user,noauto 0 0
/dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto 0 0
/dev/hda1 /mnt/c vfat rw,users,dmask=000,fmask=0111,umask=0,codepage=936,iocharset=cp936 0 0
/dev/hda5 /mnt/d vfat rw,users,dmask=000,fmask=0111,umask=0,codepage=936,iocharset=cp936 0 0
/dev/hda6 /mnt/e ntfs rw,users,umask=0,iocharset=utf8 0 0
/dev/hda7 /mnt/f ntfs rw,users,umask=0,iocharset=utf8 0 0
#/dev/sda1 /mnt/usb vfat rw,users,dmask=000,fmask=0111,umask=0,codepage=936,iocharset=cp936 0 0
安装stardict
apt-get install stardict stardict-tools stardict-cdict-gb stardict-cedict-gb stardict-langdao-ce-gb stardict-langdao-ec-gb stardict-oxford-gb stardict-xdict-ce-gb stardict-xdict-ec-gb
安装xpdf
apt-get install xpdf-chinese-simplified xpdf-chinese-traditional
安装其他
apt-get install gaim(lumaqq or openq) xhcat
apt-get install totem w32codecs xmms (or beep-media-palyer)
apt-get install gqview gimp scrot
apt-get install chmsee
apt-get install openoffice.org openoffice.org-debian-files openoffice.org-l10n-zh-cn
openoffice.org-help-zh-cn openoffice.org-gtk-gnome
配置显卡
xf86cfg
显卡 Trident Video Acclerator Blade 3D/ProMedia
下面是
my ~/.bashrc:
# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples
# If running interactively, then:
if [ "$PS1" ]; then
# don't put duplicate lines in the history. See bash(1) for more options
# export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
#shopt -s checkwinsize
# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ "$TERM" != "dumb" ]; then
eval `dircolors -b`
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
#alias dir='ls --color=auto --format=vertical'
#alias vdir='ls --color=auto --format=long'
fi
# some more ls aliases
#alias ll='ls -l'
#alias la='ls -A'
#alias l='ls -CF'
# set a fancy prompt
PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w$ '
# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case $TERM in
xterm*)
PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "3]0;${USER}@${HOSTNAME}: ${PWDө"'
;;
*)
;;
esac
# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc).
#if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
# . /etc/bash_completion
#fi
fi
alias reboot="sudo reboot"
alias halt="sudo halt"
alias apt-get="sudo apt-get"
alias vim="sudo vim"
root ~/.bashrc:
# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
export PS1='\h:\w$ '
umask 022
# You may uncomment the following lines if you want `ls' to be colorized:
export LS_OPTIONS='--color=auto'
eval "`dircolors`"
alias ls='ls $LS_OPTIONS'
alias ll='ls $LS_OPTIONS -l'
alias l='ls $LS_OPTIONS -lA'
#
# Some more alias to avoid making mistakes:
alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
13.重启系统,进入系统后观察系统是否为英文环境,fcitx是否好用,sudo是否好用,字体是否好看......
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