[转载]The Unbearable Lightness of PIN Cracking

原始链接：http://www.arx.com/documents/The ... of_PIN_Cracking.pdf

We describe new attacks on the financial PIN processing API. The attacks apply to switches as well as to verification facilities. The attacks are extremely severe allowing an attacker to expose customer PINs by executing only one or two API calls per exposed PIN. One of the attacks uses only the translate function which is a required function in every switch. The other attacks abuse functions that are used to allow customers to select their PINs online. Some of the attacks can be applied on a switch even though the attacked functions require issuers keys which do not exist on a switch. This is particularly disturbing as it was widely believed that functions requiring issuers keys cannot do any harm if the respective keys are unavailable.